DIGITISED MANUSCRIPTS

( 32 ) proved herself not only thoroughly patriotic but a most efficient administrator. Thus her first measures were directed to the restoration of internal peace and order. The country was infested with vagrants who from their audacity and violence were styled ‘sturdy beggars.’ They were the remnants of armed bands, which had been thrown out of employment by the cessation of civil disturbances, and were in reality no better than brigands. They were brought to justice and hanged in scores, whereas the wants of the deserving poor were attended to. The first hospitals were built, and collections were made weekly at the parish churches; while the Queen established Houses of Correction, where labour was compulsory. A general rate for the relief of the destitute was levied, thus creating a distinction between the pauper and the vagabond. The coinage, which had become greatly debased, was restored to its proper value. The old gold and silver coins, which had been depreciated by clipping and other fraudulent processes, were with- drawn and replaced by coins of proper value and of singular beauty. Copper pennies were unknown, and were not introduced until fifty years later. Of course, the purification of the currency caused a large expenditure, but it was borne by the State